What is the primary function of a catalytic converter in a vehicle?

The primary function of a catalytic converter is to reduce the amount of harmful gases emitted from a vehicle's exhaust system. This device plays a crucial role in controlling pollution by converting toxic pollutants in the exhaust gases—such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides—into less harmful substances like carbon dioxide and nitrogen before they are released into the atmosphere.

By utilizing a catalyst, typically made from precious metals, the catalytic converter facilitates these chemical reactions at lower temperatures, which helps to ensure that the vehicle meets environmental regulations and standards for air quality.

While improving fuel efficiency and enhancing engine performance may be desirable traits for a vehicle, these are not the primary roles of the catalytic converter. Additionally, filtering engine oil is a completely different function managed by the engine's oil filter, making it unrelated to the catalytic converter's purpose.